PROSTHETIC TRANSLATION: RETRANSLATIONS OF VIDEO GAME REMAKES AND REMASTERS REFUTE RETRANSLATION HYPOTHESIS
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Abstract
Retranslation Hypothesis claims that retranslations tend to be more source-oriented than the first translations. Video game translation (VGT) refutes this hypothesis since retranslations in VGT, occuring on game remakes and remasters, are target oriented. We argue that retranslations in VGT context are better to be termed prosthetic translation, a retranslation involving game mechanics adjustments at intertextual level. To prove that prosthetic translation is of existence, we applied theories of retranslation, multiplicity, commodified nostalgia, and intertextual continuity on seven titles of Square Enix’s award winning Final Fantasy series. The original Japanese versions, North American versions, their first translations, and retranslations were analyzed to prove the presence of prosthetic translation. The findings show that retranslations on the series are oriented to target gaming system and the aesthetics of mechanics and narrative intertextuality and thus refuting Retranslation Hypothesis. Based on the findings, we argue that retranslation of video game remakes and remasters focuses on repairing extremities or intertextual losses, occuring due to game narrative and mechanical aesthetics. These intertextual losses are repaired by attaching mechanical prostheses like dialogue box extension or modification, font type and size alteration, and other mechanical modification to ensure present time recontextualization of the remade and remastered games.  Â
Keywords: Retranslation hypothesis, prosthetic translation, remakes, remasters, video game translation
PENERJEMAHAN PROSTETIK: SANGGAHAN TERHADAP HIPOTESIS PENERJEMAHAN ULANG (RETRANSLATION HYPOTHESIS) MELALUI REMAKE DAN REMASTER VIDEO GAME
 Abstrak
Hipotesis Penerjemahan Ulang (Retranslation Hypothesis) menyatakan bahwa penerjemahan ulang cenderung lebih berorientasi pada sumber jika dibandingkan dengan penerjemahan pertama. Penerjemahan video game menyanggah pernyataan ini karena penerjemahan ulang dalam konteks video game yang muncul pada remake dan remaster cenderung lebih berorientasi pada target penggunanya. Tulisan ini menyarankan bahwa penerjemahan ulang dalam penerjemahan video game sebaiknya disebut dengan penerjemahan prostetik, penerjemahan ulang yang mengikutsertakan penyesuaian mekanisme game-nya pada tataran intertekstual. Untuk membuktikan keberadaan penerjemahan prostetik, teori penerjemahan ulang, multiplicity yang membahas mengenai remake dan remaster, komodifikasi nostalgia, dan kontinuitas intertekstual diaplikasikan pada tujuh judul serial Final Fantasy untuk mengungkapkan keberadaan penerjemahan prostetik. Ketujuh judul tersebut terdiri dari versi asli Jepangnya, versi terjemahan bahasa Inggrisnya, versi terjemahan pertama dan terjemahan ulangnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerjemahan ulang dalam video game berorientasi pada sistem game sasarannya dan estetika intertekstualitas mekanis dan naratif game-nya. Temuan ini menyanggah Hipotesis Penerjemahan Ulang. Temuan juga menunjukkan bahwa penerjemahan prostetik berfungsi untuk memperbaiki ekstrimitas atau rumpang intertekstual, yang muncul karena estetika mekanis dan naratif dalam sebuah game. Rumpang intertekstual ini diperbaiki melalui prostetik mekanis seperti ekstensifikasi atau modifikasi kotak dialog, alterasi ukuran font, dan modifikasi mekanis lainnya guna terjaminnya rekontekstualisasi masa kini sebuah remake dan remaster video game.
Kata Kunci: Hipotesis penerjemahan ulang, penerjemahan prostetik, remake, remaster, penerjemahan video gameDownloads
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