GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA DESA DALAM PELAYANAN PUBLIK: STUDI KASUS KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR RIAU
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Abstract
The study objective is to reveal the relation between the village head leadership
style and financial factor and its effect to the quality of public service in Indragiri Hilir
Regency, Riau Province. The leadership style of the village heads of the Indragiri Hilir
Regency is studied because the villages do not imply the qualified public service
standard. The villages’ condition is related with leadership style and financial factor and
its relation to the public service. The village heads’ leadership style is the one that moves
the improvement of public service, and theorically based on situational leadership theory
from Blanchard. On the other hand, financial factor supports the performance of
qualified public service. This qualitative study used descriptive methods, particularly
survey. Data was collected by interviewing and documentation study. Interview revealed
respondents’ perception about the relation between the leadership style and public
service, while documentation study revealed information and data on finance and its
relation with public service. This study analysed primary quantitative data based on
interview and secondary qualitative data from documentation study. Quantitative data is
analysed in order to test the hypothesis of the relation between leadership style and
public service using Spearman rho correlation test and chi square test. Meanwhile the
effect of leadership style and financial factor to the quality of public service is measured
by regression technique using T-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination. The
population, the number of villages is 170, 17 of which are used as sample, with 646
respondents representing 5780 people in the 170 villages. The result of this study is
expected to theoretically contribute to the development of public administration study
and for the improvement of the quality of public service effectively. Practically, this
study can give recommendation for the local administration and village heads in
improving the quality of public service in Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province. The
public service can be improved by training and conducting workshop in technical and
managerial skills. It also can be a model of leadership style in order to improve effective
public service in Indragiri Hilir Regency.
Key words: Leadership Style, Situational Leadership Theory, Public Service Quality,
Financial Factor
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan dan pengaruh diantara gaya
Kepemimpinan Kepala Desa dan faktor dana terhadap Mutu Pelayanan publik di
Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Riau. Gaya Kepemimpinan yang dikaji adalah gaya
Kepemimpinan Kepala Desa dalam kondisi desa Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Riau yang
sekarang tidak menggalakkan kepada mutu Pelayanan publik secara berkesan. Kondisi
desa tersebut berhubungkait dengan gaya Kepemimpinan dan faktor dana terhadap
mutu Pelayanan publik di desa. Gaya Kepemimpinan kepala desa adalah gaya dalam Kepemimpinan yang menggerakkan proses penyelenggaraan terhadap mutu Pelayanan
publik, dan gaya Kepemimpinan tersebut secara spesifik bertumpu pada teori
Kepemimpinan situasional (situational leadership theory), dari teori Blanchard,
sedangkan factor dana menjadi factor yang memberi sokongan terhadap proses
penyelenggaraan terhadap mutu Pelayanan publik. Kaedah kajian yang diguna pakai
dalam kajian ini ialah kaedah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan kaedah survey. Pengutipan
data dilakukan berdasarkan soal selidik dan dokumen. Soal selidik diguna pakai untuk
menelaah persepsi responden terhadap hubungan gaya Kepemimpinan dengan mutu
Pelayanan publik, dan dokumen bagi mengumpulkan data dan informasi mengenai
faktor dana mempengaruhi mutu Pelayanan publik. Kajian ini menganalisis data
kuantitatif dan data kualitatif iaitu data primer kuantitatif hasil soalselidik dan data
sekunder kualitatif hasil dokumen. Data kuantitatif dianalisis bagi menguji hipotesis
hubungan gaya Kepemimpinan dan mutu Pelayanan publik digunakan ujian korelasi
Spearman rho dan uji-chi square. Pengujian hipotesis pengaruh gaya Kepemimpinan
dan factor dana terhadap mutu Pelayanan publik digunakan teknik regresi dengan uji t,
uji F dan koefisien determinasi. Populasi desa kajian sebanyak 170 desa dengan sampel
kajian ditetapkan 17 desa. Responden ditetapkan sebanyak 646 orang bagi 5780 orang
pada 170 desa populasi tersebut. Hasil penyelidikan ini secara teoritis diharapkan dapat
memberikan masukan berupa sumbangan pemikiran dalam rangka pengembangan ilmu
administrasi negara dan terutama masukan pemerintah daerah untuk meningkatkan
mutu Pelayanan publik secara efektif. Secara praktis sebagai masukan pemerintah
daerah dan desa terhadap upaya Kepemimpinan kepala desa meningkatkan mutu
Pelayanan publik di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Riau. Peningkatan mutu Pelayanan
publik dapat dilakukan melalui trainning & workshop untuk meningkatkan technical skill
& managerial skill. Selain itu memberikan kontribusi model Kepemimpinan kepala desa
bagi meningkatkan mutu Pelayanan publik yang efektif di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir
Riau.
Kata kunci: Gaya Kepemimpinan, Teori Kepemimpinan Situasional, Mutu Pelayanan
Publik, Klasifikasi Desa, Faktor Dana Â
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