Anti-Mimicry of the Female Characters in Conrad’s Almayer’s Folly
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research focuses on Joseph Conrad’s Almayer’s Folly  to explain the circumstance which leads to the rejection of Mrs. Almayer and Nina Almayer to embrace the dominant race and the reason why these characters choose to remain within ‘Othered’ identity. This study employs Ricoeur’s hermeneutics that applies two steps of reading: distantiation to obtain an objective understanding of the novel and an appropriation through putting the objective understanding of the novel in the socio-cultural context. This study attempts to offer the term “anti-mimicryâ€, borrowing Bhabha’s term’ to explain the subjectivity of the female character who stand out against the white domination to resist through savage and barbarous manners to mock the dominator, the white. Through the refusal to mimic, Conrad provides a space for Malay women consciousness to develop her subjectivity that could be construed as Conrad’s ambiguous perspective to white superiority in the colonialized era.
Downloads
Article Details
Issue
Section
Open Access
Humanus: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-ilmu Humaniora is a peer reviewed and open access journal that publishes significant and important research from all area of humanities studies.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content that making research publish in this journal freely available to the public that supports a greater exchange of knowledge.
Copyright
Submission of a manuscript implies that the submitted work has not been published before (except as part of a thesis or report, or abstract); that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors. If and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the author(s) still hold the copyright and retain publishing rights without restrictions. Authors or others are allowed to multiply article as long as not for commercial purposes. For the new invention, authors are suggested to manage its patent before published.
Disclaimer
No responsibility is assumed by publisher and co-publishers, nor by the editors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a result of any actual or alleged libelous statements, infringement of intellectual property or privacy rights, or products liability, whether resulting from negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any ideas, instructions, procedures, products or methods contained in the material therein.
How to Cite
References
Acheraïou, A. (2007). Colonial encounters and cultural contests: Confrontation of Orientalist and Occidentalist discourses in “Karain: A Memory". Conradiana, 39 (2), 153-167.
Babha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. London and New York: Routledge.Chandran
Barker, C. (2005). Cultural Studies, theory and practice. London: Sage Publications.
Brown, R. (2012). The British Empire in India. [Ashbrook Statesmanship Thesis Recipient of the 2010 Charles E. Parton Award]. Retrieved on May 18, 2019, from https://ashbrook.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/2010-Brown.pdf
Calleja, M. A. A. (2003). Joseph Conrad’s heart of darkness as a journey in quest of the self. Odisea (4), 7-16.
Campo, J. N. F. M. A. (2007). Asymmetry, disparity and ciclicity: Charting the piracy conflict in colonial Indonesia. International Journal of Maritim History, Volume XIX (1), pp. 35-62.
Caray, P., Haryadi, S. & Margana, S. (2017). Korupsi dalam silang sejarah Indonesia dari Daendels (1808-1811) sampai era reformasi. Depok: Komunitas Bambu.
Chandran, g., Vengadasamy,R. (2018). Colonialist narrative in a post-colonial era travel writing, into the heart of Borneo. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies
Volume 18 (4), pp. 11-25. Retrived on December 4, 2018 from http://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2018-1804-02.
Conrad, J. (1923). Almayer's folly. New York: Doubleday, Page and Company.
Conrad, J. (2001). An outcast of the island. London: Cambridge Electric Book Company Ltd.
Dryden, L. (2000). Almayer’s folly: When romance collides with reality. Joseph Conrad and the Imperial Romance. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
Hicks, J. H. (1964). Conrad's Almayer's folly: Structure, theme, and critics. Nineteenth-Century Fiction, Vol. 19 (1) pp. 17-31. Published by: University of California Press.
Lane, C. (1999). Almayer’s defeat: The trauma of colonialism. A Forum Fiction, 32 (3), 401-428.
Lombard, D. (1996). Nusa Jawa: Silang budaya, batas-batas pembaratan I. Trans. Jakarta: Penerbit PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Moore, H. (1990). Paul Ricoeur: Action, meaning and text. In C. Tilley (Ed.), Reading Material Culture: Structuralism, Hermeneutics, and Post-structuralism (pp. 85–120). Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell.
Peters, J.G. (2006). The Cambridge introduction to Joseph Conrad. Cambridge University Press.
Raja, M. A. (2007). Joseph Conrad: The question of racism and representation of Muslim in his Malayan works. Postcolonial Text, 3 (4), 1-13.
Ramin, Z., Roshnavand, F. N. (2017). Mimicry of Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and the formation of resistant slave narrative in Ishmael Reed’s Flight to Canada. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 17(4), 244-257. doi.org/10.17576/gema-2017-1704-16.
Renzaho, MNR, Dhingra, N, and Georgeou, N. (2017). Youth as contested sites of culture: The intergenerational acculturation gap amongst new migrant communities—Parental and young adult perspectives. PLoS One, 12(2), doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170700
Ricoeur, P. (1975). Phenomenology and Hermeneutics. Noûs, 9 (1), A Symposium paper to read at the meeting of the Western Division of American Philosophical Association in Chicago, Illinois, April 24-26, 85-102.
Roberts, A.M. (2000). Conrad and masculinity. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
Simms, K. (2003). Paul Ricoeur. London and New York: Routledge.
Teng.Hong-Shu (2004). “That legacy of a boatful of pirates†—Conspiracy in Joseph Conrad’s Almayer’s folly and An outcast of the islands. EurAmerica, 34 (4), 555-585.
Turner, J. (2007). The "passion of paternity" fathers and daughters in the works of Joseph Conrad. Conradiana, Volume 39 (3), Fall 2007, pp. 229-247.
Young, V. (1953). Lingard’s folly: The lost subject. The Kenyon Review, 15 (4). 522-539. Retrieved on September 19, 2016 from http://www.jstor.org./stable/4333443